Map

Introduction:
chú ý thì của động từ: 2004 và 2024
The maps illustrate how a school site is planned to be developed over a 20-year period.
The map details a tiny, undeveloped island's transformation into a peaceful 'getaway' type of travel destination.
The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island which has been developed for tourism.The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.
Overall: sự thay đổi nổi bật

1. Overall, there will be extensive developments with regards to construction of buildings, facilities and roads in the school site during these 20 years.
2. Overall, the village saw considerable growth in the development of new inhabited areas during this period which increased in volume as well as speed towards the end of the 20th century. Furthermore, the developments, both in the establishment of new populated areas and transportation routes, occurred over four phases
3. Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.
4. It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms of the use of floor space in the gallery. There will be a completely new entrance and more space for exhibitions.
5. It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved. Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway.
6. It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of tourism, and six new features can be seen in the second diagram. The main developments are that the island is accessible and visitors have somewhere to stay.
7. Overall, a mostly barren, uninhabited island was transformed into a quaint, attractive tourist resort complete with lodging, a restaurant, and water sports facilities.

8 cấu trúc

• Từ chỉ hướng (The points of compass)

+ be located/situated in the west
+ lies in the west
+ can be seen in the west
e.g. northwest >> northwestern >> northward (adj) + northwesternmost >> northwards (adv)
>> look northward # observe northwards "for the sake of" look + adj
---
1. The hospital is located (intermediate)|situated|placed|positioned  in the northwest corner|area|part|site|section of the map|city.
>> the possible location|sit
2. There is designated swimming area for tourists off a beach on the northwest tip of the island.
(tip dùng cho island)
3. In the northwest, there is a hospital.
4. The hospital is located north of the parking area.
5. North of the parking area is a hospital.
6. A hospital lies/is to the north of the lake.
7. The hospital is located in the westernmost section of the city.
--
8. Near both the northern and southern coasts, the lodging was composed of bungalows.9. From 1922 to 1970, along the southern part of the newly-built railway, two large areas took shape.
10. Looking southward from the reception area, the pier can be seen extending in the ocean into a T shape.11. Beginning in the westernmost section of the island, the beach now offered a swimming area.
(dùng ở đầu Body 1)
--> tạo complex sentences: đưa từ chỉ hướng lên đầu
--
12. A southbound motorway was built linking the railway and the eastbound main road.

• Từ chỉ vị trị (Other useful language of location)

1. In the centre of the town, there are two bridges crossing the river.
   (how abt: (1) "There are two bridges crossing the river in the center of the town"
   and (2) "In the centre of the town, two bridges cross the river"
   and (3) "Two bridges, in the centre of the town, cross the river"
   and (4) "Two bridges, crossing the river, are placed in the centre of the town"
   >> "in the centre of the town" phải đứng sau danh từ chính trong câu "two bridges", e.g. There are two bridges in the centre of the town.
   Câu (1) thì "in the..." ko biết bổ nghĩa cho "river" hay bridges", câu (2) thì 2 vế ko có quan hệ, nếu sửa thành "In the centre of the town, people built two bridges" thì lại ok. Câu (3) thì ok nhưng trông là lạ. Câu (4) ok
2. The other physical structures that have been added are a reception building, in the middle of the island >> "in the middle" đóng vai trò là "bổ nghĩa" cho "a reception building", bỏ đi cũng được. Nếu bỏ dấu "," đằng trước "in the middle" thì như 
3. On the bank of the river/On the coast of the sea/ocean

Between

1. S1 is located between the main road and the railway to Hindon.
2. Between the groups of bungalows, a large reception area and a restaurant were constructed.

close to/next to

1. Both supermarket sites are close to the railway that runs through Garlsdon from Hindon to Cransdon

above

1. The first possible site for the shopping mall, S1, is just north of the city centre, above the railway line, which runs from the south east of the city to the north west.

Động từ
Run along
>> The railway line runs along the coast.
>> Running along the coast is the railway line.

Connect/Link/Join

1. The main road connects Hindon and Garron.
2. The area's only road connected these two structures to the pier.
3. Hindon is linked to Garron by the main road.
4. the two original buildings are going to be joined together
5. There is also a short road linking the pier with the reception and restaurant, and footpaths connect the huts.

Separated

1. There were also two school buildings, accommodating 600 students altogether, separated by a path running from the main entrance to the sports field in the east.

Surround

1. The school was surrounded by woodland in the north, south and east

Từ chỉ chức năng

1. the island is accessible and visitors have somewhere to stay.
2. small huts have been built to accommodate visitors to the island 
3. the new facilities on the island include a pier, where boats can dock
4. in 1909 a railway line was built crossing|passing this area from west to east. 
5. the island is accessible and visitors have somewhere to stay
6. small huts have been built to accommodate visitors to the island
7. It is likely that the pier functioned, in part, to accommodate sailboats. 
8. At present, visitors enter the gallery through doors which lead into a lobby. However, the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Court side of the building, and visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area
9. If it is built here, it will be next to a large housing estate, thus providing easy access for those living on the estate and in the city centre.

Từ chỉ số lượng

1. có ít: Before these developments|In its original state, the island was completely bare apart from a few trees.
2. In its original state, the island had no buildings, no facilities, no infrastructure, no vegetation and the only feature actually a part of it consisted of a few scattered palm trees. 
3. Several buildings, facilities, and other structures were then constructed to attract tourists.
4. Since then, another five living|residential areas| habitations were founded, scattering along the motorway.

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự xóa bỏ

Động từ:Nhà cửa bị phá bỏ: be deconstructed, vanish, be destroyed, be demolished, be knocked down
Câu cối bị chặt đi: be cut down, be devastated
Miêu tả cái gì biến mất nói chung: disappear

Danh từ

The destruction of, the demolition of , the devastation of, the disappearance of

The hospital was demolished/knocked down.
All the trees were cut down/chopped down.
The airport disappeared.

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự xây mới

New development
The residential area was built|constructed|erected.
A park appeared.
There was a construction of a park.

• A motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads
•  A large golf course and park in the west of the town prevents this area from being available as a site.

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự thay thế

The replacement of something
The airport was demolished to make way for a new hospital.

All the trees were replaced by a stadium.

A stadium was established and replaced all the trees.
>> The housing area in the south of the town, on the coast, was replaced by residential blocks and a supermarket.
>> In place of the lobby and office areas, which are shown on the existing plan, the new gallery plan shows an education area and a small storage area.

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự kéo dài mở rộng
  the extension of, the enlargement of

The car park near the river was expanded/widened/extended|enlarged.
The school became bigger.

The railway was lengthened.
The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped gallery will be about twice as large as it is now because it will occupy the area that is now used for temporary exhibitions.
The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970. 
Looking southward from the reception area, the pier can be seen extending into the ocean into a T shape. 

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự thu nhỏ

Be reduced in sizeBe diminished / the diminish of ST
The school was narrowed.
The car park became smaller.
The railway was shortened.>> The old path will then connect these to the new building number 3, no longer running to the main entrance

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự di chuyển

The stadium was moved/relocated to the north.

• Cấu trúc chỉ sự giữ nguyên

The airport still remained/existed.

• Tính từ/Trạng từ

significant, remarkably, dramatically, noticeable, considerable

Bài mẫu IELTS Quang Thắng

Process and cycle diagram

Introduction:
paraphrase của "the process"
- general: The diagram| The process|The illustration| The flowchart|  The flow diagram| The process flowchart| The functional flowchart| The process map| The process chart| The functional process chart| The process model| The process flow diagram| 
- specialised: The circular flow diagram|  The business process model| The work flow diagram| The business flow diagram 
- demonstrates| represents|showcases|illustrates|visualises|depicts|indicates
- cho process
1. the process|the procedure of soft cheese production
2. the dynamic process of soft cheese formation
3. the process for making soft cheese
4. the manufacture of soft cheese
5. how soft cheese is produced|manufactured|made
6. how soft cheese is produced
7. the process through which soft cheese is produced
(5-6-7 linh động hơn khi gặp đề khó)
- cho natural process: +/ the stages|steps in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing silk cloth
+/ the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during the natural process known as the water cycle

Overview: có bao nhiêu bước và bước đầu, bước cuối
It is apparent|obvious that
+ there are three main/major stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, from eggs to adult moth
+ there are three main stages shown in the picture, beginning with evaporation of ocean water and culminating in running back into the oceans of the water.
+ there are a total of ten stages in the process, beginning with the growing of the pods on the cacao trees and culminating in the production of the chocolate.
+ It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper.
+ the process of silk cloth production involves six steps, from silkworm cocoon to silk material.

Phần body
First of all,
First off,
At/In the beginning,
The process commences/begins/starts when....
The process begin with + noun
In the first stage,...

Các bước tiếp theo
Next,...
Over the course of/During the next/following/subsequent/second...stage
After this/that,...
>> <stage A>, after/following which <stage B>
The beans are then roasted at the temperature of 350 degrees Celsius, after which they are crushed and separated from their outer shell.

Following this/that,...
>> Once|When|After being....
e.g.: Once being ripe and red, the pods are harvested and then split open.
>> Following a period of ...,
e.g. Following a period of fermentation, these beans are laid out on a large tray.
>> Undergoing the fermentation processing,...
>> As a part of the process
e.g. Green tea is rolled as part of the process
>> chuyển cấu trúc: The teas are experienced the same stages, in which the leaves are grown and then plucked.

Bước cuối
1. Eventually| Ultimately| Finally,
2. The process ends when/with...
3. The final/last/eventual stage is when

Sản phẩm hoàn thiện
end products
finished products
completed products
e.g.: The end products are transferred|transported|delivered to purchasers|the market.

Chủ ngữThey then experience the three consecutive pre-processes of raw apples, including washing, weighing and peeling.
The cutting stage comes next with peeled apples getting removed seeds, stems and any hard parts near the seeds before they are cut into small slices.
----
Make comparison (similarities and differences)

• While/Whereas

while green tea is steamed before being rolled but is not fermented, the other two teas are first rolled and then both fermented (oolong only slightly but large leaf black completely)

• In constrast

white tea is unique as it involves no other processing. In contrast, green, oolong and large leaf black tea are all rolled as part of the process.

• neither...nor

small leaf black tea is neither steamed nor rolled, but is crushed before being fully fermented.--
Từ vựng
dựa theo: according to|based on|rooted in
đặt vào: place| put| locate at (in) | situate st in st| position

Ví dụ part 3 Speaking

Q: How do you feel about the modern biological technology?
A: Wow, it seems a hard question. We can't ignore that biological technology really bring us many benefits, such as to produce better medicines to cure people's disease or to make plants or animals grow faster. But what I am concerned more about the usage of these technologies. People right now can change the genes of certain species and clone animals in large amounts. Maybe in the future, people might use the technique to clone human beings and change peopled gene. This is what I am worried about. I have seen a fictional movie showing the disaster biological technology brought to the world. In the novel, it deeply described the scene of biological disturbance caused by cloning. So I hope scientists should take serious consideration on the range and purpose of its usage.
>> not esoteric and professional language but relevant information plus examples

Q: How has family life changed in your country over last 50 years?
A: Many aspects of family life have changed in China since the founding of the
People’s Republic of China. The greatest area of change probably revolves around the status and the role of women in Chinese society. In the past, women had no income and they had to depend on their husbands. But now women can do what they like and they have become much more independent. I think this is really a great change. Women have more freedom and their economic situation enable them a secure life. All of those would not happen at all during the former years.

Thêm Ví dụ cho "Why"
Q: Some scientists say that people are products of their environment, how far do
you agree, why?
A: Personally, I think that’s partly true. Actually, people arc the product of both nature and nurture. For example, aside from that gene, my father gave me many excellent qualities like good abstract thinking, since he is an engineer. However, I have many other characteristics, which may come from my upbringing. I have the desire to explore. You know, I often have many fanciful ideas that extremely puzzle my parents and beyond their imagination. In conclusion, I think both heredity and environment work on individuals greatly.

Nói rõ giải pháp cho problems
Q: What should the government do to improve the elderly people’s life?
A: I think the government should improve the welfare system to allow more elderly people to enter nursing house or something like this. Thus they can get better care and companionship. Besides, more actions should be taken by the government to benefit the old, such as putting aside seats particularly for the aged in buses and subways, setting up elderly dress counters in clothes stores and constructing sport facilities for them.

Loai benefits
Q: What are the benefits of advertisement?
A: Well, for manufacturers, the product advertisements can create awareness and preference of the company and products among its target of customers. For consumers, the advertisements communicate information about the commodities like its features or the location of sale. For a city as a whole, I think the out-of-home advertisements like posters and neon light advertisements add dynamic and vital scenes.

Loại future
Q: What kind of job do you think will be the most popular in the future?
A: I think industries like IT, Finance, Investment and Construction, etc. will be
more and more attractive to people and jobs like computer programmers will be in great demand in the future. Just taking a look around, computers are doing kinds of work instead of human beings. With the social hyper growth, the range of computers’ usage will undoubtedly extend, and naturally the programmers, electronicians and something relevant will be most popular jobs in the future.

Exercises
1 Which should be emphasized in education, knowledge or creativity?
xxx 1: knowledge involves facts and skills; that’s essential
xxx 2: creativity allows someone to do original things with knowledge
Answer:
2 What’s the role of jobs in people’s lives?
xxx1: keep them alive; pay for all kinds of bills and afford the house
xxx2: lead a meaningful life; do something useful to others and society
xxx3: enjoy work for their own sake; work gives them satisfaction and social personal esteem
Answer:
1.xxx
Both of them are important to people and no system should only emphasize one. Knowledge involves facts and skills which are essential, but creativity allows you to do original things with your knowledge. If 1 had to emphasize one, personally, I would choose knowledge. Creativity has to base on knowledge, although it has greater significance to the growth of the society than knowledge. Without knowledge, creativity doesn’t mean anything.
2. xxx
Jobs play an important role in people’s life. First, most people needs jobs to keep them alive. They need income to pay for all kinds of bills and afford the house. Secondly, with the progress of economy, more and more people want to lead a meaningful life. They want to do something useful to others and society as a whole. Thirdly, there are also people who are enjoying work for its own sake. They meet lots of people and do interesting things for getting rid of the boring life. Working actually gives them mental satisfaction and brings social personal esteem.

Bài tập về cấu trúc câu

Exercise 1:
1 There was clear scientific evidence, but people still refused to believe the cigarette smoking was harmful.
____________________clear scientific evidence, people still refused to believe the
cigarette smoking was harmful.
2 A job hunter can find a job through the Internet, so they need not bother to get recommendations from relatives or friends.
- A job hunter can find a job through the Internet_______________________to get recommendations from relatives or friends.
3 Once people have a big house, they will gradually feel lonely and show little passion to life.
Once______________________, people will gradually feel lonely and show little passion to life.
4 I hope to upgrade my old handset, so I need to make some money during my summer vacation.
I hope to upgrade my old handset________ ________some money during my
summer vacation.
5 The older generation of people who were born and bred in a turbulent age experienced all sorts of hardships.
________, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of
hardships.
6 Some staff decided to leave that company because they arc greatly disappointed to the stringent regulation.
..........to the stringent regulation, some staff decided to leave that company.

Exercise 2:
I grow up in Shanghai. It is a largest city in China. It stands in the west coat of the Pacific Ocean, so it’s a seaside city. Its climate is mild and the average temperature is 16 centigrade. Shanghai is the center of economy in China. It’s also the showcase of China’s fast growth. As we know, Shanghai is a shopping paradise. You can buy kinds of fashion goods in Nanjing Road...



Solution:
Exercise 1:
1 Despite of having
2. without bothering
3. owning a big house
4. by making
5. Born and bred in a turbulent age
6. Being greatly disappointed

Exercise 2:
Well, I grow up in the largest city in China, Shanghai. Being a seaside city, it stands in the west coat of the Pacific Ocean and enjoys continental climate with the average temperature throughout the year of 16 centigrade. Moreover, as the largest economy and trade center in China, Shanghai has witnessed her fast growth and become the comprehensive industrial base in the country. Benefiting from its superior location and economic status, Shanghai naturally turn to be an ideal shopping paradise with Nanjing Road known as “China’s No.l Street" and you can also buy a great variety of stylish stuff there...

Overall cho bar charts

A time period
No time period
- cao nhất, thấp nhất

Bài 1

- a time period
trend: tăng sau từng năm
the charts show an overall increase in participation in education and science from 1980 to 1990
- no time period
the figures for developed countries cao hơn those for developing countries

Bài 2

no time period
- British people spent significantly more money than people in the other three countries on all six goods
- Of the six items, consumers spent the most money on photographic film.

Bài 3:

a time period
- majority tăng
chú ý có 2 thời kì: 1990-1995: house prices fell, còn 1996-2002: most cities tăng
- tăng nhanh nhất là London

Bài 4

a time period
- three out of the four platforms rose each year, leading to a significant rise in total global turnover over the 7-year period
- cao nhất/ cao đôi: Sales figures for handheld games were at least twice as high as those for any other platform in almost every year.

Bài 5

no time period:
- bar 1: under 26 và over 49 là nhất
the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher among the younger age groups, while the oldest students are more likely to study for interest.
- bar 2: do bar 1 nói nhất rồi nên bar 2 nói "common"Employer support is more commonly given to younger students.

Bài 6

No time period
It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand-response vehicles. By contrast, commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest figures

Bài 7

time period:
trend: tăng rồi giảm >> monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively stable
striking points
Rainfall is highest from July to August, while temperatures are highest in April and May

Bài 8:  stacked bar chart

no time period:
It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning nation.
It is also noticeable that the figures for gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country tend to be fairly similar.

Overview cho line graphs

Time period:
+ trend:
- all, majority (except) (except 1 hoặc 2 hoặc 3): tăng hoặc giảm hoặc fluctuation
>> chú ý loại fluctuation nhưng tăng/giảm: Despite the occurrence of extreme fluctuations, ...
- overall
>> chú ý có nhiều cái tăng/giảm, 1 cái giảm/tăng, 1 cái remain the same: The total amount of.... tăng hoặc giảm
- chia nhóm: nhóm tăng, nhóm giảm

+ a striking point
- highest (higher):
>> cao hơn tất cả các năm
>> cao hơn majority các năm
- tốc độ tăng/giảm cao nhất
- cắt nhau

No time period
- cao nhất, thấp nhất

Bài 1

a time period
- tất cả tăng
- USA và Canada cao hơn nhiều so với Mexico
- tốc độ tăng của Canada cao nhất

Bài 2


- despite fluctuations, tăng
- immigration cao hơn
- net migration cao nhất vào 2004 và 2007.

Bài 3

- the total amount of acid rain emissions giảm
- giảm mạnh nhất là Electricity

Bài 4

- global water: tăng, argriculture cao nhất
- table: brazil's water consumption per person cao hơn nhiều so với Công

Bài 5

- ko có trend tăng/giảm: nếu chia ra 2 khoảng thời gian thì lại rơi vào specific
>> ko có trend
- cao hơn: >> cần 2 câu để 1 câu thay cho trend
aged 16-24 cao hơn "the proportion of adults without work"
ở London thì cao hơn in the rest of England.

Bài 6

- trend: trend tăng ko rõ, chủ yếu remain
>> ko có trend
- cần 2 điểm đặc biệt
beef cao nhất for the majority of the 57-year period
broilers tốc độ tăng nhanh nhất và surpass beef cuối thời kì

Bài 7

- trend tăng mặc dù fluctuation
- tăng dramatic nhất là Japan

Bài 8

- trend: 1 tăng 1 giảm
- giao nhau vào 2006

Bài 9

- trend: car vs train tăng, bus giảm
- car cao nhất

Bài 10

- trend:
car ownership (1 +2 + 3 cars) tăng
2 cars tăng còn 0 car giảm >> có vấn đề

Luu y general statement in task 1

A time period: trend >> increase|decrease (except), higher (if 2 years)


1. Generally speaking, the three lines in the diagram fluctuated a lot.
>> This is too general and you should never use the word line/lines.
>> It does not clearly state a trend. Simply stating that something rose dramatically or fell rapidly is not enough as this is too descriptive. You must state which categories fell and which rose. Also, you should never refer to the different categories as lines. It is always necessary to explain what is changing (rising or. falling) by referring to what the figures represent. For instance, if you write about a diagram showing the rates of consumption of three types of fast food - pizzas, hamburgers, fish and chips, you cannot write:
Generally speaking, while pizzas fell, hamburgers and fish and chips rose
>> Generally speaking, while consumption of pizzas fell, the figures for hamburgers and fish and chips rose.

2. It can be dearly seen that, while sales for all categories rose over this time period, figures for Windows were usually higher than the other two.
>> This is a good general statement showing trends and which category was higher.
>> This clearly states not only a trend of movement (in this case sales in all categories rose) but also a trend of quantity (sales in one category - Windows - were usually higher than the other two).
3. In general, all three categories went up over this time period.
>> This shows a trend but uses the word up which is seen as too informal.
This general statement does state a trend of movement, but it does this by using the informal expression went up. Never use the words up or down because they are seen as being too informal.
4. Revenue for Windows was nearly always higher than the other two categories, Google and iPod, over a three-year period from 2004 to 2006.
>> This focuses on one category having a higher revenue than the other two but repeats information contained in':the introduction.
>> This general statement does state a trend of quantity, but at the end of the sentence, the phrase over a three-year period from 2004 to 2006 is probably repetition of information contained in the introduction. There is no need to state this twice. You could, however, say:
"Revenue for Windows was nearly always higher than the other two categories Google and iPod, over the same period of time."
5. An overview of this diagram shows that Windows climbed gradually and fell at the end, Google went up dramatically and iPod fluctuated a lot.
>> This is too general
6. A closer look at the diagram highlights the fact that the revenue for all three categories, Windows, Google and iPod, rose over this period of time.
>> This is a good general statement that explains the trend of three categories.

-------

Generally speaking, despite the occurrence of fairly extreme fluctuations in UFO sightings, figures decreased over this time period (Intro dùng over an 11-year period from 1997 to 2007)
The table compares and contrasts data on the changes in the emission of CO2 in five different countries as a result of the production of energy and their relative ranks over a 21-year period from 1985 to 2005.
In general, CO2 levels for all countries rose over this time period with the notable exception of Japan which remained the same.

No time period: largest and smallest or categorize into two or three new groups


In general, the city with the largest population was in Asia, whereas the smallest city was in Europe. More specifically, Beijing had the largest population with 10.1 million people, making it just under three times larger than the smallest city, Berlin, with 34 million residents.

1. The two most expensive apartments are to be found in Europe, but the cheapest is in Asia.
2. Illiteracy levels are higher in the develbping countries but lower in the developed countries.
3. The longest and the shortest railway systems are both in Asia, but the oldest is in Europe.

Results of a questionnaire showing how many times teenagers in Australia use an iPod in a week to play videos in 2009.


The pie chart compares and contrasts data on how frequently iPods were used by Australian teenagers per week in 2009 to watch videos.
In general, more than half of the teenagers surveyed did not use an iPod to watch videos while the rest frequently used them for this purpose.

The percentage of deaths from heart disease and cancer and calories consumed from unrefined plant foods.

In general, the less developed countries eat more unrefined vegetables and also have less heart disease and cancer deaths than the developed countries.

However, in this diagram, we can see a very obvious relationship between the two factors. As one decreases, the other increases. This is referred to as a negative correlation. If one factor increases as the other increases, we could write about a positive correlation. Be careful and do not just assume that as one factor changes, it has an effect on the other. For example, you can write:
The bar chart compares and contrasts data on the relationship between heart and cancer fatalities and the amount of unrefined vegetables eaten in 12 countries  around the world.
In general, there is a very clear negative correlation between the two factors as people eat more unrefined vegetable, the rate of heart disease and cancer incidence falls.

You cannot write
In general, there is a very clear negative correlation between the two factors as the rate of heart disease and cancer incidence falls people eat more unrefined vegetables.

As the idea is the consumption of more vegetables reduces heart disease, NOT people eat more vegetables because they are dying of heart disease. This might be partly true but would not explain what is a more obvious connection between eating healthy food and a healthy body.
The bar chart compares and contrasts data on the literacy rates for both men and women in six developing countries over an 11-year period from 1990 to 2000.
In general, both men and women experienced increased levels of literacy in this time period.



The two charts provide data on changes in the number of car accidents, over a four-year period from 1997 to 2000, and figures for the number of deaths per 100,000 people in 2000 in eight countries.
In general, the number of road accidents increased in most countries with the highest frequency of deaths in Algeria.