Government

Public facilities+ Social development + Economic development+ Peace+ Spiritual needs

Public services

Social development

Although many taxpayers see income tax as an appropriation|acquisition|seizure of their earnings|wages|incomes, tax is in fact a relief to taxpayers and their families, for example, by providing a safeguard|protection|precaution against unemployment and a solution to other problems that they may confront in life. For example, those who lose their earning capabilities because of injuries, diseases and disabilities are entitled to the government’s financial support, derived mainly from tax revenue. There is no poinl in denying that tax is the principal source of finance that sustains many of the benefits offered by the welfare system of a country. Although most workers are not the beneficiaries currently, they will count on these benefits in their later years (as pensioners). So will their dependents (children and parents).

>> benefit residents in the future

Taxation is meanwhile an effective tool by which a society can achieve the redistribution of income and close the gap between haves and have-nots|rich and poor. In most countries, as a general rule, the higher the personal income, the higher the income tax. By imposing different tax rates, the government is able to distribute the tax burden across social classes, reducing income disparity between the rich and the

poor.

>> income redistribution

The first point to note is that government funding for education is of great benefit to families with children and the society as a whole. There are occasions on which parents cannot afford the cost of their education and their savings are meagre, compared with the formidable|remarkable tuition fees being charged by a tertiary institution. Poor academic experience can impair one’s employability and put him or her into a seriously disadvantaged position. Government spending addresses this issue by providing aspiring|promising|aspirant students with access to a comfortable learning experience. In this knowledge-based society, possibly nothing is more valuable than the access to education.

>> ease the burden of tuition fees and raise literacy rate or standards of literacy

Similarly, an individual should receive health care treatments, especially lifesaving ones, whether he or she has the means to pay. Access to health care is a basic human right and a measure to ensure a decent standard of living|living standard|level of comfort. In the event of the need for urgent or emergency treatment, government spending enables sufferers|victims|patients to receive immediate health care services. This is the fulfilment of the governments responsibility to its members. Needless to say, health care treatment costs are, in general, unaffordable to low income families. Government’s financal support is therefore required.

>> provide cars for the sick, the elderly, the disabled and so forth

Humanitarian|international aid is a moral imperative. Members of the global community have the responsibility to provide relief to each other, especially to those disadvantaged members and those victims of natural disasters and civil unrest. This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, draught, flood) throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland

>> show respect for life

Government interference in healthcare and medical services is also highly recommended. Availability of affordable medical service is a mark of the social and economic development of. a country. By providing the needy people with medical service, a country can inspire the loyalty of citizens. People feel assured living and working in a country where they can be given medical service when unemployed, sick, injured or retired. By comparison, if they cannot afford the high cost of visiting the clinic, hospitalisation, or buying drugs, they arc less likely to enjoy their living. Social solidarity will eventually suffer.

>> social development

Admittedly, aid money is sometimes misused or spent on unintended destinations, but these pitfalls|drawbacks can never overshadow the benefits. Misuse can instead raise awareness of the global community to a venal regime and pressure the recipient country to adjust its system. Meanwhile, it can be tackled by light regulations and scrutiny. In general, the abuse of international aid is an isolated|exceptional event, so its effect should not be overstated.

>> mishandled

Despite these objections, government intervention|involvement|interference is essential in some segments|sectors|sections of the market and can render more resistance to citizens. Single parents, the people with disabilities and other disadvantaged people are among those who are not ready to afford commercial housing. The government can provide them either with housing allowance|subsidy|payment to purchase their private properties oi directly with economical houses.

>> the housing affordability gap widens

Economic development

Corporate tax is deemed by business as a regular cost, which must be kept to a minimum, but it is not necessarily a bane. By levying different types of tax, the government can exert an influence on macroeconomic performance, which in turn influences the income of the business world. When the economy is on the verge of a recession, the government can reduce the tax and present tax incentives, which proves to be an effective policy in reviving the economy. By contrast, during the periods of growth, the government can raise the tax rate so as to prevent an overheated economy and combat inflation. It is fair to say that lax is one of the main tools in establishing a healthy environment conducive to business’s sustained growth.

>>  influence macroeconomic performance

Jn addition to social benefits, there are economic merits|advantages|value that public facilities can offer to communities. An integrated|combined transport network <(maritime, land and inland waterways transport and civil aviation ), for example, promises the smooth and speedy movement of goods and people in a city. Industrial products, as well as agricultural produce of a city, can be delivered to other cities in exchange for steady income. Of equal importance are public Internet facilities. Providing access to information by improving Internet and other telecommunications facilities has relevance to the ease with which businesses in a city receive, process, utilise and send information. It is no exaggeration to say that entrepreneurs, either from home or abroad, will first examine the infrastructure of a city before deciding whether to pursue business opportunities there.

>> economic benefits

Medical care is essential to the economic and social well-being of a country, particularly of an underdeveloped country. Both empirical knowledge and academic research suggest that making education available throughout a country and eliminating illiteracy can pave the way for economic development. By receiving education, children from impoverished families can shake off|get rid of poverty, climb high in the social ladder and live better off. Education also allows citizens to secure employment and earn regular income, thereby maintaining or improving their standard ofliving. For a country as a whole, education is linked to skilled workforce and to high productivity, affecting both resource use and national output.

>> economic development

One of the main objections|oppositions to government intervention is that it would hamper the private sector and simultaneously pose a huge burden upon the state. In countries where the government is on a tight budget and the homeless population is large, the involvement of private property developers is required and recommended. Not only does it release the government from the burden of funding large-sized construction programmes but it also fosters the housing industry. Given its role in attracting public consumption and accelerating economic development, the housing uniformity|sameness should be at the mercy of|reliant on the market, rather than the government.

>> commercialistion of housing

Public services

Meanwhile, it is worth mentioning that some schools tend to force a complex of charges over students, with the aim to extend their profit margin. Ignorant of their not-for-profit nature, many universities might diviate|diverge|follow a different direction from their most important tasks, such as improving teaching quality. The persistence|continuance of this problem will make their academic service much less credible and quality of leaching and faculty staff uneven|unbalanced. A university can cover its expense by various means, such as the receipt of donation, or the government’s funding, instead of levying a high fee over students.

>> focus on the main nature of education

(-)  require the creation of a large bureaucracy to administer and enforce the system >> expenses incurred

When laying the hope of future development over students, the government cannot shirk|avoid|evade from the responsibility to finance them. The sustained|eternal growth of a country rests on|hinges on young talents. In this sense, the government is investing, not spending money. A standard example is America, a country investing multimillion dollars in higher education on an annual basis and sponsoring students’ study by different forms of aid, such as scholarships, subsidies, allowances and student loans. It can be expected that these well-educatcd aspiring|aspirant|hopeful people, after finishing their education, will constitute a main drive of a suite’s growth. Moreover, the government should plough a reasonable proportion of tax revenue, most being sourced from parents, back to their children.

>> tertiary|post-school education investments

The role of the private sector is therefore indispensable, but it is not to say that the government

should divest|deprive|rid itself of intervening in the sports industry. Although the private sector is surely committed to seeking sponsorship and performing many fund-raising jobs，it is profit-oriented and therefore, very likely to make a decision ignorant of the interests o f athletes.

National teams are branded, marketed and sold as entertainment products, while the value of national pride and ethnical dignity is overlooked. It is also very likely that private investors are only interested in those sports with high media exposure, resulting in the imbalanced development o f sports. For this reason, the government should retain the major ownership of the sports.

Public facilities, widely accepted as one of the main precursors|foundations to a city’s development, should be one of the highest priorities. Those underdeveloped cities in particular, should direct sufficient binding toward public facilities. While municipal|urban|metropolitan office buildings, courthouses and post offices are essential components of public services, libraries, hospitals, parks, playing fields, gymnasiums and swimming pools are available to the public for social, educational, athletic and cultural activities. By boosting spending on public facilities, cities are more capable to satisfy the needs of citizens and improve their standard of living.

>> improve living standards

Another drawback of state control over the housing market is that it could result in the stagnancy of construction quality, functionality, facilities and other aspects of housing. Apartment blocks or other residential constructions would be built in a similar pattern and the cityscape would be monotonous|repetitive. Excessive uniformity, especially in the size and number of rooms, will fail to meet comprehensive|wide-ranging requirements raised by citizens on properties.

>>  the stagnancy of construction quality, functionality, facilities

Individual

Humanitarian relief is meanwhile an instrument to promote peace and security. The deep-rooted hostility between some countries can result|stem from the disparity in the material standard of living, or from physical distance. The provision of humanitarian relief opens up|increases the possibility of cultural, economic and social interaction between countries, and thereby easing tension. Recipient countries can thus participate in the global economy, a strategic step in shaking off poverty.

>> promote peace and security through cultural, economic and social interaction

Although education and medical services are fundamental to the stability and development of a country, it is not to say that theatres or sport stadiums have no redeeming feature|desirable quality. In the hierarchy|pyramid of human needs, those needs for food, shelter and health are among the basic. After these targets are attained, people turn to higher aspirations, entertainment and recreation. Leisure facilities like stadiums and cinemas satisfy people’s needs in these fields. A game between one’s motherland|nation state and a visiting country can raise people’s sense of national pride and ethnical unity. The cinema brings artistic pleasure to everyone.

>> spiritual needs

Serve the arm

Despite the fact that military conscription is voluntary in much o f the world,

Military service allows young people to reap|garner| obtain| acquire personal benefits and enhance their personal growth.

First of all, trainees can raise their physical fitness and enjoy better health. They meanwhile develop a

sense of team spirit and improve abilities to get along well with others. They learn to cope with

problems independently and gain self-confidence. It also helps expand their social circle, a valuable,

although intangible, asset when they return to civilian life. Servicemen have no difficulties in winning others' respect and their experience is comparable|similar  to education, work experience or recommendations. They are very often perceived as efficient, organised and excellent time managers.

Despite those benefits brought by military service, its mandatory nature is the nub|core|crucial point of the argument. Many young people cannot cope with the high level of stress in the anny. That’s why

community scrvicc is suggested as an alternative in most countries. As distinct from military service,

which demands full engagement of conscripts|recruits, community service requires young volunleeis to contribute part o f their time, energy and skills only.

Moreover, community service tends to render|provide| deliver more direct assistance to participants in preparing for the workforce. By volunteering, young adults develop skills, gain work experience and explore career options. They can also acquire practical knowledge through service.

>> Mandatory military service does not fit all young people, whereas community service benefits every young person who wants to make a smooth transition from school to work