Traditional values

các giá trị truyền thống
1. reminds people of many distinct characteristics of their culture
2. respect and retain their cultural heritage3. a national symbol4. represents cultural values of Vietnam5. are of cultural and social importance6. Both have cultural meanings7. a symbol of eternity and solemnity>>As the culture is very often reflected in the way of life of a society

xuất hiện trong các dịp lễ
1. their presence in many social settings
2, are required on many occasions, either formal or informal3, one for everyday occasions, the other for festivals and formal wear4, people participate in physical exercise 5, Western-style suits are used more broadly on formal occasions where require a standard manner
hủy hoại
1. Demolition of such buildings will inflict|cause|impose damage to cultural heritage2. destroy the existing national/cultural identity|cityscape|urban view3. cause direct damage to those existing aged buildings4. destroy the integrity of the cityscape, which characterises|features a country5. New constructions, if not aligned with the existing buildings, will impair the uniqueness of an architecture style

các thế hệ
1. prevent architects from drawing their inspiration from their predecessors|forerunners
2. a custom being handed down from generation to generation3. it bridges the past and the present history, and reminds people of the heritage of a country
giá trị thẩm mỹ
1. possess aesthetical considerations|values2. their interests involve decorative details and visual qualities, including ornamentation|decoration and furnishings3. a pedestrian-looking building 
4. The focus on the exterior of a building5. to please the eye
threats
1. Low in quality and poor in conditions, some old buildings are actually posing a danger on users and pedestrians|walkers.2. They might stand in the way of a new road line or impede other forms of urban development

diseases
1. the regular consumption of fast food: the high risk of obesity2. so excessive consumption can lead to obesity
>> A typical fastfood meal has a very high energy density, much higher than a traditional meal>> fastfood chains have now incorporated healthier alternatives in their menu, e. g., salads and fresh fruit>>  fast food is recognised for its convenience and saving people from the routine of home cooking
museums
1. One is collecting and displaying|exhibiting tangible items (artefacts and specimens|objects of scientific, artistic or historical importance at a specific site2. History museums are for example concerned with specialised aspects of history at the local or national level3. Staff members working for museums are trained to provide interpretations of the collected objects to the general public. Viewing these items enables visitors to acquire knowledge of a given subject, such as history, art, environment and technology.4. Another approach taken by a museum is to invite specialists to lecture regularly in different fields, which is instructive|informative|educational as well5. does not engage in any profit-making activity: offer free admission| entrance tickets
6. It does not target any specific audience like an entertainment business does. Instead, it is open to the general public. cost
1. museums have to balance their budget. Many museums have therefore sought to operate more activities to attract more visitors, in order for an additional entry fee to cover costs.

knowledge/ serves an educational purpose
1. Museums impart knowledge on visitors through different means2. Viewing these items enables visitors to acquire knowledge of a given subject, such as history, art, environment and technology.

cuisine
 1. the selection of ingredients andcuisines|styles of cooking2. As distinct from a traditional meal, which has its emphasis on diversity and richness|diversity|variety of flavour, taste and choice3. traditional foods are diversified due to ethnic diversity.>> When fast foods are processed and prepared for those time-minded eaters who are eager to relieve hunger------
>> protecting ethnicity and identity | respect and retain their cultural heritage/values

Wearing traditional costumes, first of all, reminds people of many distinct characteristics of their culture. How people perceive their traditional costume shows the extent to which they are willing to respect and retain their cultural heritage. In Vietnam, for instance, female office workers are generally required to wear Ao Dai, a traditional dress, as a custom being handed down from generation to generation. It is a national symbol, giving millions of Vietnamese a sense of ethnic identity, wherever they are. Besides, it represents cultural values of Vietnam and shows the perceived position of females in a Vietnamese society. Despite the success of Ao Dai, it is a rare example in today’s world, where most of the traditional costumes have been marginalised by Western-style business suits. People see national costume only in theatre, film and TV.

>> requirement in many social occasions

Another point to support the importance of traditional costume is their presence in many social settings. Traditional costumes are required on many occasions, either formal or informal. Generally, they come in two forms: one for everyday occasions, the other for festivals and formal wear. Both have cultural meanings. For example, in many societies, a considerable number of traditional costumes evolved specifically for the wedding ceremony, and the wedding couple, as well as guests, are expected to wear traditional clothes, a symbol of eternity and solemnity. Traditional dresses in most cases differ in styles and vary according to circumstances. For example, in China, ceremonial clothing tends to be dark while lighter-coloured clothing is worn mainly by the common people for everyday life and around the house use. As the culture is very often reflected in the way of life of a society, the role of traditional costumes in a culture is undisputed.

>> wearing tradiional costumes might not suit every circumstance,

>> failing to maintain the unique characteristics o f traditional costume of a country

Traditional costumes are therefore, worthy of people’s concern and should be preserved; however, it does not necessarily mean that one should wear traditional costumes all the time. People wear clothing in general for functional reasons. Traditional costumes are of cultural and social importance but might not suit every circumstance. For example, exercise clothes are needed when people participate in physical exercise and play sports. Western-style suits are used more broadly on formal occasions where people of different cultural backgrounds gather for serious issues, such as business. Dressing in a standard manner is a demonstration|expression|display|manifestation of respect, the key to mutual trust.

>> architectural values

There is no denying that some old buildings are of aesthetic, archaeological or architectural values. They might be either integral|fundamental|central|vital|crucial to a culture as a symbol of a city or country or unique in the domain|area|field of architecture. Demolition of such buildings will inflict|cause|impose damage to cultural heritage and prevent architects from drawing their inspiration from their predecessors|forerunners. Because of their uniqueness, old buildings are very likely to provide a source of tourism income, if maintained well. It is fair to say that old buildings of this kind are much more important than any new building and performing more functions than any new building does.

>> put users and pedestrians at stake|at risk

With regard to other old buildings, possessing no specific value while becoming dilapidated|wrecked|decaying, entire destruction is an acceptable and understandable decision. Low in quality and poor in conditions, some old buildings are actually posing a danger on users and pedestrians|walkers. They might stand in the way of a new road line or impede other forms of urban development. Whether they have been renovated|refurbished or not, these buildings blemish|ruin|damage|spoil the landscape and provide no justification for continued maintenance. Replacing old buildings with new ones meets the renewed needs of the city.

>> destroy the existing national/cultural identity|cityscape|urban view

New constructions might not only cause direct damage to those existing aged buildings, which are central to a nation's culture, but also destroy the integrity of the cityscape, which characterises|features a country'. Over the past decades, there has been a growing recognition that architecture is an element that distinguishes one culture from another. That’s why people are not surprised to see that buildings differ in styles from country to country. New constructions, if not aligned with the existing buildings, will impair the uniqueness of an architecture style, which has been widely recognised, studied and treasured by the world.

>> make contributions to the diverisity of building models

Another main justification for upholding|supporting a traditional building style is that it contributes to the diversity of building models in a country. By preserving classical architecture, some regions are marked by the mingling of buildings of different ages and types. Many cities in Europe can be cited as examples, where buildings in a traditional or ancient format coexist with modernised buildings, performing different functions and serving dissimilar purposes, it bridges the past and the present history, and reminds people of the heritage of a country. It creates a modern identity of a region or country as well.        

>> predictable problems: uniformity of buildings + specific craftmanship and building materials

Despite the role of old architecture works in retaining cultural heritage, not all the buildings should be necessarily designed and constructed in a traditional pattern. On the one hand, it is at odds with|contrary to diversity. It comes as no surprise that ceaseless pursuit of a classical style will result in the sameness|uniformity of buildings in a country. On the other, traditional building models require specific craftsmanship and building materials, which are neither affordable nor accessible to every developer, so they cannot be applied on a large scale.

>> a core feature|a comprehensive requirement of a building

In a modem society, aesthetical considerations are no longer considered as insiginificant or luxury but have been integrated as a core function of a building. People have comprehensive requirements on a building. No longer limited to such ordinary functions, such as safety, durability, space, access to facilities, their interests involve decorative details and visual qualities, including ornamentation|decoration and furnishings. In simple terms, a pedestrian-looking building is bound to|expected to|set to mismatch the trend of the market.

>> desire orginality and rarity|uniqueness to distinguish itself from other buildings

Meanwhile, it is worth mentioning that some types of buildings are broadly expected by the public to possess aesthetical values. Standard examples include restaurants, theatres, churches and so forth. A building falling in these categories desires a design of originality and rarity, aiming to distinguish itself from other constructions of its kind or those in its surroundings. Architects’ inspirations add values to the building and increase its marketability|profit-earning ability. Many buildings have become symbolic|representative in the city or region where they are located.

>> economic feasibility when construction costs increased

When being concerned with the aesthetic aspect of architecture, people should consider economic feasibility|viability. The focus on the exterior of a building alone will lead to the increase in construction cost, making such an endeavour unjustified|groundless. In those cities where overpopulation continues to be a problem and many people cannot afford housing, whether a building looks beautiful would not be taken seriously In that situation, the rationale|underlying principle is to accommodate a huge population, rather than simply please the eye.

>> staff members provide interpretations of the collected objects to the public+ specialists lecture

Museums impart knowledge on visitors through different means. One is collecting and displaying|exhibiting tangible items (artefacts and specimens|objects of scientific, artistic or historical importance at a specific site. Staff members working for museums are trained to provide interpretations of the collected objects to the general public. Viewing these items enables visitors to acquire knowledge of a given subject, such as history, art, environment and technology. History museums are for example concerned with specialised aspects of history at the local or national level. Another approach taken by a museum is to invite specialists to lecture regularly in different fields, which is instructive|informative|educational as well. An entertainment business, by comparison, hardly serves an educational purpose

>> non-profit business targets the general public rather than specific audiences

In addition to the way it operates, a museum is distinct from any operator in the entertainment industry in some other aspects. First of all, museums are entirely not-for-profit. Although sometimes charging an admission fee, a museum very often has free entrance, and does not engage in any profit-making activity. It does not target any specific audience like an entertainment business does. Instead, it is open to the general public. Museums, meanwhile, choose items on display not according to their commercial values but according to the line of items they mainly focus on. For instance, a history museum would focus only on those items that are of historical value, although those items might not have sufficient market value.

>> relating to entertainment entəˈteɪnmənt to some extent: more activities to attract more visitors

Some museums are now providing services in overtly|openly entertainment nature

However, a noteworthy development of museums in recent years is related to entertainment to some extent. Similar to other educational institutions, museums have to balance their budget. Many museums have therefore sought to operate more activities to attract more visitors, in order for an additional entry fee to cover costs. In addition to the traditional services, such as making collected objects available for public viewing, and organising lectures, a museum is interested in such entertainments as films, musical or dance performances, most of which are linked to the culture of its host region. Art museums, for example, bear a close resemblance|similarity|sameness to art galleries, in exhibiting a wide range of artworks. Museums falling in this category give visitors pleasure, and can be taken as a provider of both knowledge and entertainment.

>> chosen ingredients and cuisines

Fast food is distinguished from traditional food mainly by the selection of ingredients and cuisines|styles of cooking. As distinct from a traditional meal, which has its emphasis on diversity and richness|diversity|variety of flavour, taste and choice, fast food is well-known for its high levels of salt, fat and sugar and heavy reliance on meat such as chicken and beef. When fast foods are processed and prepared for those time-minded eaters who are eager to relieve hunger, traditional foods are diverse and varying|changing|altering. Fast foods might not vary significantly throughout a country, but traditional foods are diversified due to ethnic diversity. That’s why fast foods are very often thought to have direct threats on local cuisines.

>> potential diseases

Another problem found in the regular consumption of fast food is the high risk of obesity. A typical fastfood meal has a very high energy density, much higher than a traditional meal. In many outlets|restaurant chains, the choice is so limited that it’s virtually impossible to select a combination of items with even a moderate energy density. Many popular fastfood menu items are unhealthy, so excessive consumption can lead to obesity. It is one of the main reasons why many fastfood chains have now incorporated healthier alternatives in their menu, e. g., salads and fresh fruit. McDonald’s is a telling example.

>> social meanings: family reunions or friends' gatherings

Moreover, it is important to realise that a traditional meal has many of its cultural and social meanings. Although fast food is recognised for its convenience and saving people from the routine of home cooking, meanwhile it discourages people from preparing deliberate meals for their families and friends. People are thus less likely to spend lime talking to each other. Having a traditional meal is of importance in many social situations, and can he taken as a unifying element in family life, bringing people together in times of trouble and in times of joy.